Please explain me why the last printf gives value 11? I really don't understand why it happened. When a = 10 the condition is not fulfilled so why this value has changed to 11? Incrementation goes as soon as the condition is checked?

Code:

int main(void) {
    int a = 0;
    while(a++ < 10){
        printf("%d ", a);
    }
    printf("\n%d ", a);
    return 0;
}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11

Let's look at a++ < 10 when a is equal to 10.

The first thing that will happen is 10 < 10 will be evaluated (to false), and then a will be incremented to 11. Then your printf statement outside the while loop executes.

When the ++ comes on the right hand side of the variable, it's the last thing evaluated on the line.

Try changing a++ < 10 to ++a < 10, rerunning your code, and comparing the results.

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